Gaelg

Gaelg
Goll er loayrt ayns	Mannin
Earroo loayreyderyn	Dooghyssagh <200 ; Nah çhengey: 1,823 (2.16% jeh'n phobble) (2011) ; Marroo myr kied çhengey ayns 1974; er ny haavioghey nish, as mysh 2000 loayrtee mie eck, goaill stiagh paitçhyn as Gaelg oc myr nyn gied çhengey.
Kynney çhengey	Indo-Oarpagh Celtiagh Ellanagh Gaelgagh Gaelg; ; ; ;
Staydys oikoil
Çhengey oikoil ayns	Mannin
Fo stiurey ec	Coonseil ny Gaelgey
Coadyn çhengey
ISO 639-1	gv
ISO 639-2	glv
ISO 639-3	glv
Linguasphere	50-AAA-aj
	Nodyn: Foddee vel cowraghyn sheeanagh ASE ayns Unicode er yn duillag shoh.

She Gaelg (graït: /gɪlg/) çhengey Ghaelagh Vannin. Haink y Ghaelg woish Shenn-Yernish, as t'ee cosoylagh rish Yernish as Gaelg ny h-Albey.

Ayns 1974, hooar yn çhenn loayrtagh dooghyssagh s'jerree, Ned Maddrell, baase, agh ny laaghyn t'ayn jiu ta loayrtee ghooghyssagh noa ayn. Myr sampleyr, ta ymmoddee paitçhyn ec y Vunscoill Ghaelgagh, raad she yn Ghaelg yn çhengey t'ad gynsagh ayn.

Shennaghys

Shennaghys leah

Ghow Gaelg toshiaght scarrey voish Yernish Veanagh traa ennagh eddyr yn 10oo- as yn 17oo-eash. Eer ayns yn 18oo-eash, va’n Ghaelg yn çhengey s'moo loayrit ayns Mannin. Agh ayns 1765 hie çhiarnys yn Ellan er creck dys Crooin Hostyn trooid yn Isle of Man Purchase Act son £70,000. Ren caghlaaghyn politickagh as sheshoil cur er sleih gynsagh y Vaarle. Tra haink yn 19oo-eash va'n çhengey goll er loayrt ec ny sloo sleih, as haink y Vaarle stiagh myr yn çhengey smoo ayns Mannin. Ayns 1848, ren J.G. Cumming screeu: cha nel monney sleih (veg jeh ny aegid, foddee) gyn Baarle erbee as ayns 1874, er lesh Henry Jenner dy row mysh 30% jeh'n sleih cliaghtit rish loayrt Gaelg (12,340 ass 41,084). Rere kione-earroo oikoil ayns 1901, dooyrt 9.1% jeh'n phobble dy row Gaelg oc, agh ec y traa cheddin, cha row monney jeu ny sloo na 50 bleeaney d’eash; ayns 1921 she 1.1% va'n earroo. ^[5] Fakin dy row keimeeaght imlee er jeet er yn çhengey, as shen kyndagh rish cooishyn er lheh myr Saasilaght ayns ayrn^[6], cha row oyr ec sleih aasit dy ynsaghey Gaelg da nyn baitçhyn; er lhieu nagh beagh ymmyd erbee ec Gaelg cosoylit rish Baarle.

Baase as aavioghey

Ard-art: Aavioghey ny Gaelgey

Kyndagh rish yn Gaelg goll magh 'sy 19oo eash, hug adyr Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh er bun ayns 1899.

Ec mean yn 20oo eash cha row monney loayrtee dooghyssagh er mayrn. Hooar Ned Maddrell, yn fer s'jerree, baase er yn 27oo laa Mee ny Nollick, 1974, agh va sleih elley er n'ynsaghey Gaelg myr nyn naa jengey ny roish shen. Va ram cooney currit dys yn aavioghey trooid ny recortyssyn va jeant 'sy 20oo eash. Er lhieh obbyr Chommishoon Beeal-Arrish Nerin (Yernish: Coimisiún Béaloideasa Éireann) as Eamon de Valera. Chammah as shen, ren Brian Stowell, studeyr Ghoolish y Karagher, ram obbyr.

Ta Gaelgeyryn dooghyssagh noa ayn nish, son dy vel paarantyn ayn as Gaelg oc, as dy vel y Vunscoill Ghaelgagh ayn. Chammah as shen, ta Gaelg goll er ynsaghey myr naa çhengey ec bunnys dagh scoill 'sy çheer, ec Colleish Ellan Vannin as Laare Studeyrys Manninagh. Ta qualleeaghtyn 'sy Ghaelg ry-gheddyn trooid yn Reiltys, ennmyssit yn Teisht Chadjin Ghaelgagh as yn Ard-Teisht Ghaelgagh. Ta possanyn dramey Gaelgagh ayn neesht, as ta Mooinjer Veggey ^[7] jannoo ymmyd jeh Gaelg myr yn ynrickan çhengey ayns ny queig ro-scoillyn t'ad roie. T'ad co-roie yn Bunscoill Ghaelgagh myrgeddin.

Y 21oo eash

Ayns kione-earroo 2001, dreggyr 1,689 ass 76,315 (2.2% yn pobble) dy row Gaelg oc.^[8] Ta sleih jannoo ymmyd jeh enmyn Gaelgagh reesht. Ta Tinvaal jannoo ymmyd jeh'n çhengey, as Yn Lhaihder lhaih magh leighyn noa ayns Gaelg as Baarle. Er yn 14oo laa Jerrey Geuree 2008, ren SIL caghlaa coad ISO y Ghaelg voish marroo dys bio ^[9]

Haink Ny Kirree Fo Niaghtey, yn chied scanaane 'sy Ghaelg, magh ayns 1983. Hie eh er cloie ec yn Wheiggoo Feailley Celtiagh as Çhellveeish ayns Cayr Deeth ayns 1984. Ren Shorys Y Creayrie stiurey eh er son Foillan Films, Laksaa, as ta’n fillym bentyn rish yn arrane y theay Ny Kirree Fo Niaghtey. Ta’n straih çhellveeish Caarjyn as Fenee ry gheddyn ‘sy Ghaelg.^[10]

Ta Coardailys Europagh son Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Fo-Hengyn cur tastey da'n Ghaelg myr çhengey bio.

Cha nel monney stoo screeuit 'sy Ghaelg, as s'liklee nagh row ee screeuit roish ny 1600yn. Va Gaelg currit er yn Lioar Padjer Cadjin as yn Bible ^[11] ayns ny 17oo- as 18oo- cheeadyn.

Çhengoaylleeaght y Ghaelg

Mooinjerys rish çhengaghyn elley

Jeeagh er #Rang-oardraghey as abbyrtyn

Aght-screeuee

Cha nel Gaelg goll er lettraghey er yn aght cheddin as Yernish ny Gaelg ny h-Albey, er yn oyr nagh vel ee geiyrt er bun-ocklaght Gaelagh. Ta Bretnish as Baarle er chur beggan da (myr shen, ymmyd 'y' as 'w', as daaghooaghtyn gollrish 'oo' as 'ee'). Myr sampleyr, ayns Yernish yinnagh ad screeu 'Ellan Vannin' myr Oileán Mhanainn, as ayns Gaelg ny h-Albey she Eilean Mhanainn t'ayn; agh ta'd goll er gra bunnys er yn aght cheddin.

Tra hie Gaelg er screeu son y chied cheayrt, beign d'adyr croo aght screeeuee. Dy cadjin, t'adyr gra dy chroo John Philips eh da hene. She Aspick Sodor as Man (1605-1633) v'eshyn as hug eh Gaelg er yn Lioar Padjer Cadjin. Ta kuse dy hampleyryn jeh Gaelg ny h-Albey scruït syn aght shoh. Myr sampleyr, Lioar Dean Lios Moir as docamad Fernaig.

Fockleyn y Ghaelg

Gaelg	Raa s'niessey ayns
Gaelg	Yernish	Gaelg ny h-Albey	Bretnish
Moghrey mie	Maidin mhaith	Madainn mhath	Bore da
Fastyr mie	Tráthnóna maith	Feasgar math	Prynhawn da Noswaith dda
Slane lhiat, Slane lhiu	Slán leat, Slán libh	Slàn leat, Slàn leibh	Hwyl fawr
Gura mie ayd, Gura mie eu	Go raibh maith agat Go raibh maith agaibh	Tapadh leat Tapadh leibh	Diolch
baatey	bád	bàta	cwch
barroose	bus	bus	bws
blaa	bláth	blàth	blodyn
booa	bó	bò	buwch/bo
cabbyl	capall	capall	ceffyl
cashtal	caisleán, caiseal	caisteal	castell
creg	carraig	carraig, creag	carreg
eeast	iasc	iasg	pysgodyn
ellan	oileán	eilean	ynys
gleashtan	gluaisteán, carr	càr	car
kayt	cat	cat	cath
moddey	madra, madadh	madadh	ci
shap	siopa	bùth	siop
thie	tigh, teach	taigh	tŷ
eean	éan	eun, ian	aderyn
jees	beirt, dís	dithis	dau, dwy
oik	oifig	oifis	swyddfa
ushtey	uisce	uisge	dŵr

Earrooyn

Gaelg	Yernish	Gaelg ny h-Albey	Bretnish
un / nane	aon (a haon) / amháin	aon	un
daa / jees	dó, dhá / beirt / dís	dà / dithis	dau/dwy
tree	trí	trì	tri/tair
kiare	ceathair, ceithre	ceithir	pedwar/pedair
queig	cúig	còig	pump
shey	sé	sia	chwech
shiaght	seacht	seachd	saith
hoght	ocht (a hocht)	ochd	wyth
nuy	naoi	naoi	naw
jeih	deich	deich	deg
nane jeig	aon déag	aon deug	un ar ddeg
daa yeig	dó dhéag	dà dheug	deuddeg

Sorçhaghys çhengoayleeagh

She çhengey Gaelagh y Ghaelg, as adsyn ooilley nyn jengaghyn Celtiagh Ellanagh, as oltaghyn jeh’n lught-çhengah Indo-Oarpagh. Haink ee woish Shenn Yernish as Yernish Meanagh. Ga dy vel anchaslyssyn eddyr nyn aghtyn screeuee, ta’n Ghaelg ry-hoiggal liorish Gaelgeyryn elley. Ren Ned Maddrell cummal seose e hengey trooid loayrt rish Gaelgeyr Yernagh as Albinagh er baatyn^[12]. Ta mooinjerys faagys eddyr Gaelg, Yernish as Gaelg ny h-Albey foast, agh ta troyn er lheh oc. Ta daa foghlaare fo'n ennym Gaelg Vanninagh: Gaelg y Twoaie as Gaelg y Jiass^[13].

Sheeanchoryssaghtys

Corocklyn

Shoh ny foneemyn corocklagh 'sy Ghaelg: ^[14]

**Foneemyn corocklagh y Ghaelg**
	Daa-veillagh		Meill-eeacklagh		Feeacklagh		Cooyl-eeacklagh		Lurg-chooyleeacklagh			Cleaoil-choghooysagh		Coghooysagh			Sluggidagh
Bleaystagh	p	b			t̪	d̪			tʲ	dʲ		kʲ	ɡʲ	k	ɡ
Stronnagh		m						n		nʲ					ŋ
Screebagh			f	v		ð*	s	z*	ʃ	ʒ*		xʲ	ɣʲ	x	ɣ		h
Craa								r
Faggyssaght											j					w
Faggyssaght lhiattagh								l		lʲ

* Cha nel ny sheeanyn shoh nyn myn-heeanyn hene rere Thompson as Broderick, agh ta ny sheeanyn ry-chlastyn er coontey obbraghyn sheeanchoryssagh, as myr shen t’ad er nyn gur ‘sy taabyl. Jeeagh er Çhengoaylleeaght ny Gaelgey son ny smoo fys.

Ta ennalaghey ec ny corocklyn bleastagh neuchronnaneagh /p k/, myr shen, t’ad goll er fockley magh myr [pʰ] as [kʰ].

Breeocklyn

Shoh foneemyn breeocklagh 'sy Ghaelg:^[15]

**Foneemyn breeocklagh y Ghaelg**
	Giare			Liauyr
	Toshee	Meanagh	Cooyl	Toshee	Meanagh	Cooyl
Doont	i		u	iː		uː
Eddyr	e	ə	o	eː		oː
Foshlit		a			aː

Ta tasht mooar dy ghaaghooaghtyn 'sy Ghaelg, as t'ad er nyn soilsaghey fo:

**Daaghooaghtyn ny Gaelgey**
	Nah veer /i/	Nah veer /u/	Nah veer /ə/
Kied meer doont	ui		iə • uə
Kied meer eddyr	ei • əi • oi	eu • əu
Kied meer foshlit	ai	au

My ta trimmid currit er shillab as /ə/, t'eh goll er fockley magh myr [ø]^[16].

Trimmid

Son y chooid smoo, ta trimmid currit er y chied shillab jeh fockle ‘sy Ghaelg, agh dy mennick, my vees breeockle liauyr ec y nah hillab, bee y trimmid ersyn. ^[17] Myr sampleyr:

buggane /bʌˈɡɛən/
tarroogh /t̪aˈruːx/
reeoil /riːˈoːl/
vondeish /vonˈd̪eɪʃ/

Sheeanchoryssaghtys

Myr dagh çhengey Celtiagh jeinagh, ta ceaghlaghyn corockle toshee ayn 'sy Gaelg. She obbyraghyn çhengagh adsyn, caghlaa kied chorockle yn 'ockle.^[18]

Ceaghley corockle toshee

Ayns ram boaylyn, myr sampleyr Doolish, ta fograghyn failt daahengagh. Cur tashtey ayns shoh da'n ceaghley corockle Doolish da Ghoolish.

Ta daa sorçh dy cheaghley corockle toshee ayn 'sy Ghaelg: boggaghys as stronnaghys.

**Ceaghlaghyn 'sy Ghaelg**
Corockle gyn ceaghley	Boggaghys		Stronnaghys
Corockle gyn ceaghley	Kied cheim	Nah cheim	Stronnaghys
p /p/	ph /f/	ph /f/	b /b/
t, th /t/	h /h/	t, th /t/	d /d/
çh /tʃ/	h /h/	çh /tʃ/	j /dʒ/
c, k keyl /kʲ/	ch /ç/	ch /ç/	g /gʲ/
c, k lheean /k/	ch /x/	ch /x/	g /g/
b /b/	v /v/, /w/	v /v/, /w/	m /m/
bw /bw/	w /w/	w /w/	mw /mw/
d, dh /d/	gh /ɣ/	d /d/	n/n/
j /dʒ/	y /j/	j /dʒ/	n'y /nj/
g keyl /gʲ/	y, gh /j/	y, gh /j/	ng /ŋʲ/
g lheean /g/	gh /ɣ/	gh /ɣ/	ng /ŋ/
f /f/	(dollit)	(dollit)	v /v/
s /s/	h /h/	t/t/	s /s/
str /str/	tr /tr/	tr /tr/	str /str/
sl /sl/	l /l/	cl /kl/	sl /sl/
sn /sl/	n, sn /n/, /sn/	n, sn /n/, /sn/	sn /sn/
sh /ʃ/	h /h/	ç /tʃ/	sh /ʃ/
m /m/	v /v/, /w/	v /v/, /w/	m /m/
mw /mw/	w /w/	mw /mw/	mw /mw/
qu /kw/	wh /hw/	wh /hw/	qu /kw/

Imraaghyn

↑ "Isle of Man Census Report 2011" (PDF) (ayns Baarle). Rheynn Cooishyn Tarmaynagh, Yn Tashtey. 2012. dg. dg. 27. Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh (PDF) er 2013-11-05. Feddynit magh er 8 Mean Fouyir 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)
↑ Anyone here speak Jersey?
↑ "Fockle ny ghaa: schoolchildren take charge". Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 2009-07-04. Feddynit magh er 2009-01-17.
↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: glv
↑ Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages, Vol. II, Gorter et al, 1990, dg. 59-60.
↑ "Archive copy". Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 2007-10-10. Feddynit magh er 2008-07-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ http://www.mooinjerveggey.org.im/
↑ Isle of Man Census Report 2001, Volume 2, Dg. 11
↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: glv (14 Jerrey Geuree, 2008). Feddynit er 2008-07-06.
↑ Friends and Heroes: News (6 Mee ny Nollick, 2007). Feddynit er 2008-07-06.
↑ http://www.gaelg.iofm.net/BIBLICAL/BIBLICAL.html
↑ The Death of Manx' from newspaper clipping 1950s (6 Mean Fouyir, 1993). Feddynit er 2008-07-06.
↑ Broderick 1984-86, 1:xxvii-xxviii, 160
↑ Thomson 1992, 128–29; Broderick 1993, 234
↑ Broderick 1993, 230–33
↑ Broderick 1993, 232–33
↑ Broderick 1993, 236
↑ Broderick 1984–86, 1:7–21; 1993, 236–39; Thomson 1992, 132–35

Lioaryn

Broderick, George, Handbook of Late Spoken Manx, Ym-lioar. 1: Grammar and Texts, Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag 1984.
Broderick, George, Handbook of Late Spoken Manx, Ym-lioar. 2: Dictionary, Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag 1984.
Broderick, George, Handbook of Late Spoken Manx, Ym-lioar. 3: Phonology, Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag 1986.
Broderick, George, Manx, ayns: Ball, Martin (Hrsg.), The Celtic Languages, London & New York, Routledge 1993.

Kianglaghyn mooie

[census2012-1] "Isle of Man Census Report 2011" (PDF) (ayns Baarle). Rheynn Cooishyn Tarmaynagh, Yn Tashtey. 2012. dg. dg. 27. Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh (PDF) er 2013-11-05. Feddynit magh er 8 Mean Fouyir 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)

[2] Anyone here speak Jersey?

[3] "Fockle ny ghaa: schoolchildren take charge". Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 2009-07-04. Feddynit magh er 2009-01-17.

[4] Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: glv

[5] Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages, Vol. II, Gorter et al, 1990, dg. 59-60.

[6] "Archive copy". Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 2007-10-10. Feddynit magh er 2008-07-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[7] ttp://www.mooinjerveggey.org.im/

[8] Isle of Man Census Report 2001, Volume 2, Dg. 11

[SIL-9] Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: glv (14 Jerrey Geuree, 2008). Feddynit er 2008-07-06.

[Friendsandheroes-10] Friends and Heroes: News (6 Mee ny Nollick, 2007). Feddynit er 2008-07-06.

[11] ttp://www.gaelg.iofm.net/BIBLICAL/BIBLICAL.html

[12] The Death of Manx' from newspaper clipping 1950s (6 Mean Fouyir, 1993). Feddynit er 2008-07-06.

[13] Broderick 1984-86, 1:xxvii-xxviii, 160

[14] Thomson 1992, 128–29; Broderick 1993, 234

[15] Broderick 1993, 230–33

[16] Broderick 1993, 232–33

[17] Broderick 1993, 236

[18] Broderick 1984–86, 1:7–21; 1993, 236–39; Thomson 1992, 132–35

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