Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh

Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh

Date:

1 Mean Fouyir 1939 – 2 Mean Fouyir 1945

Boayl:

Yn Oarpey, y Keayn Sheealtagh, y Keayn Sheear, yn Aishey Hiar Yiass, y Çheen, y Niar Meanagh, y Veanvooir, as yn Affrick; taghyrtyn eigsoylagh ayns America Hwoaie as America Yiass

Troar:

Barriaght ny Forseyn Cochaarjagh
– Tuittym y Treeoo Reich
– Tuittym Impiraghtyn ny Shapaan as ny h-Iddaal
– Bunneeaght ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit
– Irree seose SUA as UPSS myr ard-phooaryn
– Toshiaght y Chaggey Feayr (tooilley...)

Caggeyderyn

Ny Forseyn Cochaarjagh

UPSS (1941-1945)

SUA (1941-1945)

Reeriaght Unnaneysit

Y Çheen (1937-1945)

Y Rank

Y Pholynn

Y Chanadey

Yn Austrail

Yn Yugoslaavey (1941-1945)

Y Ghreag (1940-1945)

Y Velg (1940-1945)

Y Çheer Injil (1940-1945)

Y Teelynn Noa

Norlynn (1940-1945)

Yn Affrick Yiass

Y Vrasseel (1942-1945)

Meksico (1942-1945)

Y Çheckoslovack

Y Vongoil (1945)

Ny Philippeenyn (1941-1945)

Ny Forseyn Essylagh

Yn Ghermaan

Y Çhapaan (1937-1945)

Yn Iddaal (1940-1943)

Yn Ungaar (1940-1945)

Y Romaan (1941-1945)

Y Vulgeyr (1941-1945)

Co-hroiddee

Finnlynn (1941-1944)

Y Çheer Thai (1942-1945)

Yn Earack (1941)

Fo-steatyn as steatyn babbanagh

Manchukuo

Yn Iddaal (1943-1945)

Y Chroit (1941-1945)

Ny Philippeenyn (1944-1945)

Y Clovack

Fir hoshee

Joseph Stalin

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Hirohito

Guintee

Baaseyn:
Cahnagh: >16,000,000
Shivoilee: >45,000,000

Baaseyn:
Cahnagh: >8,000,000
Shivoilee: >4,000,000

She caggey dowanagh va'n Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. Dy cadjin, t'eh er coontey dy doshee eh 'sy vlein 1939 as dy daink jerrey lesh 'sy vlein 1945. Ansherbee, va caggaghyn ayn hannah hene 'syn Aishey as, lurg tammylt, v'ad coontit myr paart jeh'n Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. Va tromlagh jeh ashoonyn y dowan troiddey 'sy chaggey as ad rang-oardit ayns daa phossan jeh cochaarjyssyn cahnagh: ny Forseyn Cochaarjagh as ny Forseyn Essylagh. V'eh ny chaggey smoo lheeadagh v'ayn rieau as ny smoo na 100 millioon dy gheiney goaill shirveish ayns unnidyn cahnagh. Va ny commee vooarey ayns staydys slane chaggey, as va jargaghtyn tarmaynagh, çhynskyllagh as oaylleeagh currit rish yn eab caggee. Ayns ny çheeraghyn va'n anchaslys eddyr y chooid heayagh as y chooid chahnagh dollit magh. By eh yn eiyrtys smoo baghtal ayn na mooad ny guintee hivoilagh, goaill stiagh adsyn va currit gy baase 'sy Deherree as yn ymmyd va jeant jeh bleaystanyn çheshveanagh. T'eh er ooley dy dooar eddyr 50 millioon as 85 millioon dooinney baase 'sy chaggey.

V'eh yn dean ec Impiraght y Çhapaan na yn Aishey Hiar y chur fo'n chosh eck, as, ec toshiaght y chaggey, v'ee troiddey noi Pobblaght ny Sheen veih'n vlein 1937. Jiu, t'eh coontit dy doshee yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh er 1 Mean Fouyir 1939 tra ren y Ghermaan ruegey yn Pholynn. Ren y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as y Rank fogrey magh dy row ad ayns staydys caggey noi'n Ghermaan myr eiyrtys er y ruegys er y Pholynn. Myr eiyrtys er faghtyssyn as conaantyn, chur y Ghermaan y cochaarjys Essylagh er bun marish yn Iddaal, as ren ad cur cooid vie jeh'n Oarpey vooarheeragh fo smaght. Lurg Conaant Molotov-Ribbentrop, ren y Ghermaan as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh rheynn magh as goaill stiagh thallooyn jeh ny çheeraghyn gerroil eddyr oc, goaill stiagh y Pholynn as ny çheeraghyn Baltagh. Cha row çheer elley, faagail magh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as çheeraghyn elley jeh'n Cho-unnaneys Goaldagh, troiddey noi ny Forseyn Essylagh, as caggaghyn taghyrt 'syn Affrick Hwoaie as Cah yn Atlantagh. Ayns Mean Souree 1941, ren ny Forseyn Essylagh ruegey yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh, red ren cur cribbag er y chooid smoo jeh ny Forseyn Essylagh derrey jerrey yn chaggey. Ayns Mee ny Nollick 1941, ren y Çhapaan çheet er çheu ny Forseyn Essylagh, soiaghey ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as thallooyn Oarpagh harrish y Cheayn Sheealtagh as, dy tappee, va'n chooid smoo jeh ard heear y Cheayn Sheealtagh fo smagh ec ny Shapaanee.

Va stadd currit er gleashaghey ny Forseyn Essylagh 'sy vlein 1942. Chaill y Çhapaan caggey criticoil er Midway, faggys da Hawaiʻi, as cha ren ad cosney yn ghleashaght reesht. Va'n Ghermaan castit 'syn Affrick Hwoaie as, dy briwnyssagh, ayns Stalingrad 'sy Roosh. 'Sy vlein 1943, lurg straih taartyssyn ec ny Germaanee 'syn Oarpey Hiar, y ruegys Cochaarjagh er yn Iddaal as eh cur rish livrey seose eck, as barriaghtyn Americaanagh 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh, ren ny Forseyn Essylagh cooyllaghey dy ro-inçhynagh er dagh çheu. 'Sy vlein 1944, ren ny Forseyn Cochaarjagh ruegey yn Rank, as ren yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh aaghoaill dagh cooid jeh'n thalloo va caillt as ren ny forseyn Soveidjagh ruegey yn Ghermaan as ny cochaarjyn eck. Car ny bleeantyn 1944 as 1945, ren ny h-Americaanee cur Lhuingys Chaggee Impiroil ny Shapaan fo haart as ghow ad smaght er ram ellanyn ogheragh 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh Heear.

Haink jerrey lesh y chaggey 'syn Oarpey tra ren ny Forseyn Cochaarjagh ruegey yn Ghermaan as y ruegys shen çheet gys mullagh lesh goaill Verleen ec forseyn Soveidjagh as Polynnagh. Ren y Ghermaan livrey seose gyn conaant er 8 Boaldyn 1945. Lurg Fogrey Potsdam ec ny Cochaarjee er 26 Averil 1945, ren ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ceau bleaystanyn breneenagh er daa chaayr Shapaanagh, Hiroshima as Nagasaki, er y 6 Luanistyn as y 9 Luanistyn er lheh. Ren y Çhapaan livrey seose er 15 Luanistyn 1945 er yn oyr do row ruegys er yn Ellanragh Shapaanagh er gerrey as er yn oyr dy ren yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh fogrey magh staydys caggey noi'n Çhapaan roish dy ren ad ruegey y Vançhoor.

Ren y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh caghlaa çheughey politickagh as strughtoor sheshoil y dowan. Va ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit currit er bun ry-hoi co-obbraghey eddyr-ashoonagh as son caggaghyn y haghney. Haink er ny pooaryn barriaghtagh—ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh, y Çheen, y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as y Rank—dy ve nyn olteynyn beayn er Coonseil Hickyrys ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit. Dirree ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh magh myr mooar-phooaryn trughanagh as eh cur rish toshiaght y Chaggey Feayr. Ec y traa cheddin, hoshee niart as cleayney ny pooaryn Oarpagh goll sheese as hoshee lesh jee-choloinaghey ny h-Aishey as ny h-Affrick. Dirree co-hymey politickagh magh, 'syn Oarpey er lheh, myr eab son mooinjerys eear-chahnagh y hickyraghey as dy cho-obbraghey ny s'breeoil car y Chaggey Feayr.

Chron-oaylleeaghtEdit

Ta screeuderyn shennaghys smooinaghtyn dy nee 1 Mean Fouyir 1939 date toshee yn chaggey tra ren y Ghermaan ruegey er y Pholynn. Ren y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as y Rank fogrey magh staydys caggee daa laa ny lurg. Ansherbee, ta dateyn elley ayn son toshiaght y chaggey, goaill stiagh 7 Jerrey Souree 1937 - date toshee yn nah chaggey eddyr y Çheen as y Çhapaan.^[1]

Ta deiney elley goll rish barel y screeudeyr shennaghys Goaldagh A. J. P. Taylor. T'eh coontey dy row daa chaggey ayn 'syn Oarpey as ny coloinyn eck as 'syn Aishey as dy daink ad ry cheilley 'sy vlein 1941. Ta dateyn elley son toshiaght y chaggey goaill stiagh y ruegys Iddaalagh er yn Abysseen er 3 Jerrey Fouyir 1935.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Ta'n screeudeyr shennaghys Goaldagh Antony Beevor coontey dy doshee yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh ec Cahyn Khalkhin Gol eddyr y Çhapaan er un çheu as y Vongoil as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh er y çheu elley veih Boaldyn derrey Mean Fouyir 1939.^[6] Ta'n art shoh goll rish ny dateyn cadjinchliaghtagh.

Cha nel coardailys ayn mychione jerrey yn chaggey chammah. Ta deiney ennagh gra dy nee yn aash caggee er 14 Luanistyn 1945 (Laa V-J) y laa jerrinagh, gyn bwooise da livrey seose formoil jeh'n Çhapaan er er 2 Mean Fouyir 1945; ayns shennaghyssyn Oarpagh er lheh t'eh coontit dy nee 8 Boaldyn 1945 (Laa V-E) jerrey lesh y chaggey. Ansherbee, cha row Conaant cour Shee lesh y Çhapaan fo-screeuit agh 'sy vlein 1951,^[7] as cha row y conaant son shee lesh y Ghermaan fo-screeuit agh 'sy vlein 1990.^[8]

CooylreyEdit

Taghyrtyn roish y chaggeyEdit

Ruegys Iddaalagh er yn Abysseen (1935)Edit

Caggey Theayagh ny Spaainey (1936-39)Edit

Ruegys Shapaanagh er y Çheen (1937)Edit

Ruegys Shapaanagh er y Vongoil as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh (1938)Edit

Cummaltyssyn as conaantyn 'syn OarpeyEdit

Coorse y chaggeyEdit

Toshiaght y chaggey 'syn Oarpey (1939-40)Edit

Yn Oarpey Heear (1940-41)Edit

Y Veanvooir (1940-41)Edit

Soiagh Essylagh er yn UPSS (1941)Edit

Toshiaght y chaggey 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh (1941)Edit

Scuirr er gleashaghey ny Forseyn Essylagh (1942-43)Edit

Y Cheayn Sheealtagh (1942-43)Edit

Y Toshiaght Hiar (1942-43)Edit

Yn Oarpey Heear/Y Keayn Sheear as y Veanvooir (1942-43)Edit

Gleashaghey ny Forseyn Cochaarjagh (1943-44)Edit

Ny Forseyn Cochaarjagh er beeal y varriaght (1944)Edit

Tuittym ny Forseyn Essylagh as y varriagh Chochaarjagh (1944-45)Edit

EiyrtysEdit

BuilleyEdit

Guintee as loghtyn caggeeEdit

Sleih-champyn as obbyr sleabEdit

Cooishyn-leigh eear-chaggeeEdit

Ard-artyn: Cooish leigh Nuremburg, Cooish leigh Majdanek, Bun-chooish Hraartys Malmedy, as Bun-chooishyn Treblinka

ImraaghynEdit

↑ Förster, Stig; Gessler, Myriam (2005). "The Ultimate Horror: Reflections on Total War and Genocide", ayns Roger Chickering, Stig Förster as Bernd Greiner, lgn.: A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, dg. 53–68. ISBN 978-0-521-83432-2.
↑ Ben-Horin, Eliahu (1943). The Middle East: Crossroads of History. York Noa: W. W. Norton & Company.
↑ Taylor, A. J. P. (1961). The Origins of the Second World War. Lunnin: Hamish Hamilton.
↑ Yisreelit, Hevrah Mizrahit (1965). Asian and African Studies, dg. 191.
↑ Kellogg, William O (2003). American History the Easy Way. Barron's Educational Series, dg. 236. ISBN 0-7641-1973-7.
↑ Beevor, Anthony (2012). The Second World War. Lunnin: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84497-6.
↑ Masaya, Shiraishi (1990). Japanese Relations with Vietnam, 1951–1987. Ithaca: SEAP Publications. ISBN 978-0-87727-122-2.
↑ History of German-American Relations » 1989–1994 – Reunification » "Two-plus-Four-Treaty": Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, 12 Mean Fouyir 1990. usa.usembassy.de. Feddynit er 6 Boaldyn 2012.

Kianglaghyn mooieEdit

Ta tooilley coadanyn mychione Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh ry-gheddyn ayns Wikimedia Commons.

[För&Ges_2005_64-1] Förster, Stig; Gessler, Myriam (2005). "The Ultimate Horror: Reflections on Total War and Genocide", ayns Roger Chickering, Stig Förster as Bernd Greiner, lgn.: A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, dg. 53–68. ISBN 978-0-521-83432-2.

[2] Ben-Horin, Eliahu (1943). The Middle East: Crossroads of History. York Noa: W. W. Norton & Company.

[3] Taylor, A. J. P. (1961). The Origins of the Second World War. Lunnin: Hamish Hamilton.

[4] Yisreelit, Hevrah Mizrahit (1965). Asian and African Studies, dg. 191.

[5] Kellogg, William O (2003). American History the Easy Way. Barron's Educational Series, dg. 236. ISBN 0-7641-1973-7.

[Beevor_2012_10-6] Beevor, Anthony (2012). The Second World War. Lunnin: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84497-6.

[Masaya_1990-7] Masaya, Shiraishi (1990). Japanese Relations with Vietnam, 1951–1987. Ithaca: SEAP Publications. ISBN 978-0-87727-122-2.

[8] History of German-American Relations » 1989–1994 – Reunification » "Two-plus-Four-Treaty": Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, 12 Mean Fouyir 1990. usa.usembassy.de. Feddynit er 6 Boaldyn 2012.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]