Thaish
She çhengey ashoonagh as oikoil ny Çheer Thai ee Thaish (ภาษาไทย Phasa Thai.[1] T'ee 'sy chynney çhengey Tai, as t'ad credjal dy daink ad ass ny ta yn Çheen yiass jiu. She çhengey toanagh as scarreydagh t'ayn, as ta cowraghyn grammeydagh eck.
| Thaish | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ภาษาไทย phasa thai | ||||
| Goll er loayrt ayns | yn Çheer Thai, yn Valaysia, yn Chamboyd, yn Vurmey, yn Laos | |||
| Earroo loayreyderyn | 60-64 millioon | |||
| Rhenk | 24 | |||
| Kynney çhengey | Tai-Kadai | |||
| Corys screeuee | screeu Thai | |||
| Staydys oikoil | ||||
| Çhengey oikoil ayns | yn Çheer Thai | |||
| Fo stiurey ec | Undinys Pandityn ny h-Ard-Ooasley | |||
| Coadyn çhengey | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | th | |||
| ISO 639-2 | tha | |||
| ISO 639-3 | tha | |||
| ||||
Sheeanchoryssaghtys
reagh| Ta cowraghyn sheeanagh ASE 'syn art shoh. Mannagh vel jargaght jannoo screeu crampit ec y cho-earrooder ayd, foddee dy vaik uss cowraghyn feyshtey, kishtaghyn, ny cowraghyn elley ayns ynnyd ny cowraghyn Unicode. |
Toanyn
reaghTa queig toanyn 'sy Thaish: meanagh, injil, tuittym, ard as irree. Ta'n taabyl heese soilshaghey ny toanyn myn-heeanagh as y fockley magh sheeanagh oc.
| Toan | Thaish | sampleyr | Myn-heeanagh | Sheeanagh | Gaelg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| meanagh | สามัญ | นา | /nāː/ | [naː˥˧] | magher reise |
| injil | เอก | หน่า | /nàː/ | [naː˧˩] | (far-ennym) |
| tuittym | โท | หน้า | /nâː/ | [naː˥˩] | eddin |
| ard | ตรี | น้า | /náː/ | [naː˧˥] | naunt/naim ny sassey na'n ayr as moir ayd |
| irree | จัตวา | หนา | /nǎː/ | [naː˨˩˧] | çhiu |
Corocklyn
reaghTa Thaish geddyr-scarrey bleaysee ayns tree ronnaghyn:
- neuchronnaneagh as neuennalit, m.s. /p/
- neuchronnaneagh as ennalit /pʰ/
- cronnaneagh as neuennalit /d/
Ta'n nah as treeoo jeu ec y Ghaelg myr myn-heeanyn: myr sampleyr, ta /b/ cronnaneagh neuennalit, as ta'n myn-heean /p/ goll er fockley magh myr [pʰ] neuchronnaneagh ennalit son y chooid smoo. Cha nel y chied ain agh myr fo-heean /p/. 'sy taabyl heese, ta'n chied linney soilshaghey ASE, as ta'n nah linney soilshaghey lettyryn Thaish ta goll er fockley magh myr shen ec toshiaght yn 'ockle.
| Daa-veillagh | Meeill- eeacklagh |
Cooyl- eeacklagh |
Lurg- chooyleeacklagh |
Cleaoil | Coghooysagh | Sluggidagh | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stronnagh | [m] ม |
[n] ณ,น |
[ŋ] ง |
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| Bleaystagh | [p] ป |
[pʰ] ผ,พ,ภ |
[b] บ* |
[t] ฏ,ต |
[tʰ] ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ |
[d] ฎ,ด* |
[k] ก |
[kʰ] ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ |
[ʔ] อ** | |||||
| Screebagh | [f] ฝ,ฟ |
[s] ซ,ศ,ษ,ส |
[h] ห,ฮ | |||||||||||
| Affricaid | [tɕ] จ |
[tɕʰ] ฉ, ช, ฌ |
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| Craa | [r] ร |
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| Faggyssaght | [j] ญ,ย |
[w] ว |
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| Lhiattagh | [l] ล,ฬ |
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- * Ta บ as ด jee-chronnaneagh ec jerrey fockle, as t'ad goll er fockley magh myr [p] as [t] fo shaghey.
- ** Ta'n lettyr อ tostagh roish breeocklyn.
Breeocklyn
reaghTa breeocklyn neuchramp ny Thaish 'sy taabyl heese. Ta'n linney s'ardjey cowrey ASE y vreeockle, as ta'n nah linney lettyryn Thaish. Ta schimmeig (–) cowraghey ynnyd y chied chorockle ta'n breeockle goll er fockley magh ny lurg. Ta nah schimmeig cowraghey dy vel feme er corockle s'jerree ny lurg.
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| Toshee | Cooyl | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| neuruntit | neuruntit | runtit | ||||
| giare | liauyr | giare | liauyr | giare | liauyr | |
| Doont | /i/ -ิ |
/iː/ -ี |
/ɯ/ -ึ |
/ɯː/ -ื |
/u/ -ุ |
/uː/ -ู |
| Eddyr-ghoont | /e/ เ-ะ |
/eː/ เ- |
/ɤ/ เ-อะ |
/ɤː/ เ-อ |
/o/ โ-ะ |
/oː/ โ- |
| Eddyr-foshlit | /ɛ/ แ-ะ |
/ɛː/ แ- |
/ɔ/ เ-าะ |
/ɔː/ -อ | ||
| Foshlit | /a/ -ะ, -ั |
/aː/ -า |
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Ta ny breeocklyn ayns jeesyn liauyr as giare: t'adsyn nyn myn-heeanyn ta jannoo focklyn er lheh 'sy Thaish, agh t'ad goll er aascreeu 'syn aght cheddin;[2] ta เขา (khao) çheet er "eh, ee", agh ta ขาว (khao) çheet er "bane". Shoh ny jeesyn liauyr-giare:
| Liauyr | Giare | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thaish | ASE | Çhyndaa | Screeu Thaish | ASE | Çhyndaa | ||
| –า | /aː/ | /fǎːn/ | giarrey ayns slissagyn' | –ะ | /a/ | /fǎn/ | 'dreamal' |
| –ี | /iː/ | /krìːt/ | 'giarrey' | –ิ | /i/ | /krìt/ | skynn' |
| –ู | /uː/ | /sùːt/ | 'tayrn stiagh ennal' | –ุ | /u/ | /sùt/ | 'jerrinagh' |
| เ– | /eː/ | /ʔēːn/ | 'lieh-lhie' | เ–ะ | /e/ | /ʔēn/ | 'kiangley craue' |
| แ– | /ɛː/ | /pʰɛ́ː/ | 'goll er cur fo haart' | แ–ะ | /ɛ/ | /pʰɛ́ʔ/ | 'goayr' |
| –ื | /ɯː/ | /kʰlɯ̂ːn/ | 'tonn' | –ึ | /ɯ/ | /kʰɯ̂n/ | 'goll seose' |
| เ–อ | /ɤː/ | /dɤ̄ːn/ | 'shooyl' | เ–อะ | /ɤ/ | /ŋɤ̄n/ | 'argid' |
| โ– | /oː/ | /kʰôːn/ | 'lhieggey' | โ–ะ | /o/ | /kʰôn/ | 'çhiu' |
| –อ | /ɔː/ | /klɔːŋ/ | 'drummey' | เ–าะ | /ɔ/ | /klɔ̀ŋ/ | 'kishtey' |
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Foddee ad coghiangley ny breeocklyn myr daaghooaghtyn. Ta Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993) [2] gra dy vel adsyn as breeockle ardey ec y jerrey /Vj/ as /Vw/ ec bun. Er son dy hoilshaghey toan, t'ad cur "liauyr" orroo as rolteen oc:
| Liauyr | Giare | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Thaish | ASE | Thaish | ASE |
| –าย | /aːj/ | ไ–*, ใ–*, ไ–ย | /aj/ |
| –าว | /aːw/ | เ–า* | /aw/ |
| เ–ีย | /iːa/ | เ–ียะ | /ia/ |
| – | – | –ิว | /iw/ |
| –ัว | /uːa/ | –ัวะ | /ua/ |
| –ูย | /uːj/ | –ุย | /uj/ |
| เ–ว | /eːw/ | เ–็ว | /ew/ |
| แ–ว | /ɛːw/ | – | – |
| เ–ือ | /ɯːa/ | – | – |
| เ–ย | /ɤːj/ | – | – |
| –อย | /ɔːj/ | – | – |
| โ–ย | /oːj/ | – | – |
Ta tree treeghooaghtyn eck, as ad liauyr:
| Thaish | ASE |
|---|---|
| เ–ียว | /iow/ |
| –วย | /uɛj/ |
| เ–ือย | /ɯɛj/ |