Kiangley kemmigagh: Difference between revisions
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'''Reill yn Oghtread: tra ta kiangley kemmigagh taghyrt, ta breneen prowal dy gheddyn hoght lectraneyn syn ynneig-lectrane sodjey magh.'''
Cha nel ny gassyn ooasle ymobreeagh er y fa dy vel reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns ny fynneigyn sodjey magh feer fondagh. Ta bunstooghyn elley goaill ayrn ayns kianglaghyn kemmigagh er y fa nagh vel reaghey nyn lectraneyn cho fondagh as reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns breneenyn ny gassyn ooasle. Ta daa phreeu-horçh dy chiangley kemmigagh ayn: y kiangley eeaneagh (ny ''lectrofioosagh'') as y kiangley co-iooseagh.
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{{ardart|Kiangley eeaneagh}}
[[Coadan:NaF.gif|thumbnail|right|Kiangley Eeaneagh eddyr Sodjum as Fluoreen.]]
Ta shoh jeant tra ta un lectrane, er-nonney ny shlee na shen, goll er coonrey eddyr breneenyn. Tra ta breneen naeear coayl lectrane(yn), t'eh çheet dy ve ny [[eeane]] jarrooagh - she floag lughtit t'ayn: ta ny shlee [[protane]]yn na lectraneyn 'sy vreneen. As tra ta breneen naeear cosney lectrane(yn), t'eh çheet dy ve ny eeane jiooldagh - she floag lughtit t'ayn: ta ny shlee lectraneyn na protaneyn 'sy vreneen.
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[[Coadan:NaCl.gif|thumbnail|right|alt=Jalloo jeh'n lectrane gleashaghey.|Ta breneen sodjum cur lectrane da breneen cloreen dy yannoo cloreed sodjum (NaCl). She yn tayrnys eddyr ny h-eeaneyn lesh lughtyn noi ry hoi ta cummal ny h-eeaneyn ry-cheilley.]]
Tra ta breneen sodjum coayl yn ynrican lectrane ta syn ynneig sodjey magh, eisht ta 8 lectraneyn sy nah ynneig sodjey magh: Na (2, 8, 1) → Na<sup>+</sup> + lectrane.<br />
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* reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns breneen naeear cloreen (Cl) = 2, 8, 7<br />
My nee yn breneen sodjum cur yn lectrane sodjey da'n vreneen cloreen, s'baghtal dy bee 8 lectraneyn ayns ny fynneigyn sodjey magh ec y jees oc - as dy bee yn jees oc jeant booiagh! Ta Na çheet dy ve Na<sup>+</sup>, as ta Cl çheet dy ve Cl<sup>-</sup>, as da'n daa eeane goll er tayrn ry-cheilley dy yannoo co-vreneen dy NaCl - cloreed sodjum (sollan). Ta '''kiangley eeanagh''' eddyr yn eeane sodjum as yn eeane cloreen.<br />
Ta magnaishum lostey dy gial ayns ocsygien, as ta shen croo poodyr bane ta shin gra ocseed vagnaishum rish. Ta gagh co-vreneen jeh ocseed vagnaishum jeant ass eeane Mg<sup>2+</sup> as eeane O<sup>2-</sup>. Shoh reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns ny breneenyn shoh:
* Mg = 2, 8, 2
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Ta gagh breneen Mg cur e lectraneyn mooie da breneen ocsygien. Er yn oyr dy vel '''daa''' lectrane caillit ec y vreneen Mg, ta shin screeu symbol yn eeane myr Mg<sup>2+</sup>. As er yn oyr dy vel daa lectrane cosnit ec y vreneen O, ta shin screeu yn eeane shen myr O<sup>2-</sup>.
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{{ardart|Kiangley Cofioosagh}}
Cha nel beoyn er co-stooghyn ennagh lectraneyn y choayl ny lectraneyn y chosney. Dy cliaghtagh, ta neu-veainyn myr shen, myr sampleyr, carboan as hiddragien. Bentyn da co-vreneenyn as daa neu-veain ayndaue, ta ny breneenyn jannoo nyn gooid share dy gheddyn hoght lectraneyn ayns nyn vynneigyn-lectrane sodjey magh liorish '''rheynn''' lectraneyn. She '''kiangley cofioosagh''' t'ayn eisht.<br />
Son y chooid smoo, she kianglaghyn cofioosagh t'ec co-vreneenyn nagh vel ayndaue agh neu-veainyn, myr hiddragien (H<sub>2</sub>), cloreen (Cl<sub>2</sub>), neetragien (N<sub>2</sub>), ushtey (H<sub>2</sub>O), ammoiney (NH<sub>3</sub>), mettane (CH<sub>4</sub>), daa-ocseed charboan (CO<sub>2</sub>), a.m.s.
=== Kianglaghyn unnaneagh cofioosagh ===
Ayns gas hiddragien, cha nel breneenyn hiddragien nyn lomarcan - she co-vreneenyn t'ayn dy bollagh. Ayns gagh co-vreneen hiddragien, ta daa vreneen hiddragien kianglt ry-cheilley. Ayns gagh breneen hiddragien, cha nel agh un lectrane (H = 1). Dy chosney reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns hailium (He = 2), ta daa vreneen hiddragien çheet ry-cheilley dy rheynn lectraneyn dy ve goll rish hailium.<br />
Myr shen, ta daa lectrane syn ynneig sodjey magh ec gagh breneen hiddragien - y lectrane echey hene as y lectrane rheynnit. Ta shin gra kiangley '''unnaneagh cofioosagh''' rish rheynn y phiyr-lectrane. Dy mennick, ta'n kiangley cofioosagh shoh screeut myr shoh: H-H.
Kiart goll rish gas hiddragien, ayns gas cloreen she co-vreneenyn jeant ass daa vreneen t'ayn. Ta piyryn dy vreneenyn cloreen kianglt ry-cheilley liorish kiangley cofioosagh. S'leayr yn aght ta ny breneenyn cloreen goll er kiangley ry-cheilley my ta shin jeeaghyn er reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns breneen cloreen: Cl = 2, 8, 7
Ayns co-vreneen mettane (gas dooghyssagh), ta un vreneen carboan ny lomarcan kianglt rish kiare breneenyn hiddragien. S'aashagh toiggal yn aght ta co-vreneen mettane goll er troggal my ta shin jeeaghyn er reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns ny breneenyn C as H:
* C = 2, 4
* H = 1<br />
Ta'n breneen carboan as ny kiare breneenyn hiddragien rheynn lectraneyn dy lhieeney ny fynneigyn sodjey magh oc.
=== Kianglaghyn cofioosagh
Choud as shoh, ta shin er ve jeeaghyn er kianglaghyn cofioosagh raad ta piyr dy lectraneyn goll er rheynn eddyr daa vreneen. Agh ayns co-vreneenyn ennagh ta ny breneenyn cummit ry-cheilley liorish rheynn daa phiyr, ny tree piyryn, dy lectraneyn.<br />
''Tra ta un phiyr dy lectraneyn goll er rheynn, she kiangley cofioosagh unnaneagh t'ayn.<br />''
''Tra ta daa phiyr dy lectraneyn goll er rheynn, she kiangley cofioosagh dooble t'ayn.<br />''
''Tra ta tree piyryn dy lectraneyn goll er rheynn, she kiangley cofioosagh tree-filley t'ayn.''<br />
==== Kianglaghyn cofioosagh
Ayns co-vreneen ocsygien, O<sub>2</sub>, she kiangley dooble t'ayn. T'eh çheet lesh gagh breneen ocsygien hoght lectraneyn syn ynneig sodjey magh echey y chosney. Ta e hey lectraneyn hene ec gagh breneen ocsygien ayns yn ynneig sodjey magh echey, as t'eh rheynn daa lectrane elley. Ta sambyl elley jeh'n chiangley dooble ry-gheddyn ayns co-vreneen carboan.
==== Kianglaghyn cofioosagh
Ta sambyl jeh kiangley tree-filley ry-gheddyn ayns co-vreneen neetragien. S'doillee yn kiangley eddyr ny breneenyn neetragien y vrishey. Shen y fa dy vel gas neetragien cho neu-ymobbreeagh. Cooinee dy nee N = 2, 5 reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns breneen neetragien.
== Troyn co-vunstooghyn eeaneagh as cofioosagh ==
[[Coadan:NaCl2.jpg|thumb|alt=Jalloo jeh strughtoor NaCl.|Myr sampleyr, ta reaghey reajagh ny h-eeaneyn ayns crystal dy chloreed sodjum (NaCl) ry akin 'sy jalloo shoh.]]
Ta co-vunstooghyn eeaneagh (lectrofioosagh) jeant ass eeaneyn. Ta eayl jeant ass eeaneyn Ca<sup>2+</sup> as O<sup>2-</sup> ta cummit ry-cheilley liorish boandey eeaneagh. Dy cliaghtagh, ta millioonyn jeu goll er sniemmey ry-cheilley crystal y chroo. Ta shin gymmeydey scellyn-X dy gheddyn magh reaghey ny eeaneyn ayns crystalyn. She William Bragg as e vac Lawrence Bragg ren lhiasaghey yn aght dy gheddyn magh y strughtoor
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S'ard-ghooagh [[William Bragg]] (1862-1942), y fishigagh Sostnagh, as e vac [[Lawrence Bragg]] (1890-1971) er yn oyr dy ren ad gymmeydey scellyn-X y strughtoor jeh crystalyn y gheddyn magh. Dod ad taishbyney dy row crystalyn dy stoo goll rish cloreed sodjum jeant ass millioonyn dy h-eeaneyn cloreed as eeaneyn sodjum reaghit dy reajagh. Sy vlein 1915, chossyn ad yn Aundyr Nobel ayns paart son yn obbyr oc ayns crystallografeeaght scell-X. She ny Braggyn yn ynrican ayr as mac chossyn yn onnor shoh. Haink Lawrence Bragg dy ve ny Olloo
=== Troyn cadjin co-vunstooghyn eeaneagh ===
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