Bretyn: Difference between revisions

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Jannoo ass y noa
Kiartaghey
Linney 6:
|jalloo_cleinney = Royal Badge of Wales new.svg
|jalloo_caslys = Europe location WAL2.png
|jarroo-raa = ''Cymru am byth'' <small>([[BretishBretnish]])<br>"BretinBretyn dy bragh"</small>
|arrane_ashoonagh = ''[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]]''<br>"Shenn-çheer nyn Ayraghyn"
|sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh|Çhengaghyn<br>ashoonagh]]
Linney 33:
|glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 361
|rhenk_glooaght_pobble =
|quaiyl = [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]
|blein_LTS_CCK = 2006
|LTS_CCK = $85.4 billioon
Linney 72:
Ta '''Bretyn''' ([[Bretnish]]: ''Cymru'', [[Baarle]]: ''Wales'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[Sostyn]] da'n sheear, [[Mooir Vannin]] da'n twoaie as da'n sheear hwoaie, [[Mooir Vretyn]] da'n sheear, [[yn Vooir Cheltiagh|y Vooir Cheltiagh]] da'n sheear yiass as [[Keyllys Vristol]] da'n jiass. Ta ny smoo na 3 millioonyn cummaltee aynjee as ish ny çheer ghaa-hengagh.
 
Ta Bretyn ny [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|çheer Cheltiagh]], gollrish [[Mannin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin]], [[Yn Chorn|y Chorn]], as [[Yn Vritaan (çheer)|y Vritaan]]. She [[Cayr Deeth]] [[preeu-valley]] ny çheerey lesh ny smoo na 300,000 cummaltee. Ta [[QuaiylÇhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]], bunnit 'sy vlein 1999, ny soie ayns Cayr Deeth.
 
== Çheer-oaylleeaght ==
Linney 88:
{{ardart|Shennaghys Vretin}}
 
Haink [[Jool Kaesar]] dys BretinBretyn ayns Mee Luanistyn 55 BNJ, agh cha ghow ad y çheer rish ny smoo na keead. Clein Vretin, v’ad ny [[Siluree]] ayns BretinBretyn Yiass as ny [[Ordovicee]] ayns BretinBretyn Hwoaie. Ren ny Rauee troggal straih dy chashtalyn tessen BretinBretyn Yiass, goaill stiagh [[Caerllion]] (''Isca''), raad ta preaban caggee share er mayrn ayns BretinBretyn Vooar ry-akin. Ayns y hwoaie, ta shenn arrane ''[[Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig]]'' ginsh skeeal [[Macsen Wledig]], mastey ny h-ard-reeaghyn heear s’jerree, ren poosey Helen ferch hoshiagh Bretnagh jeh [[Caernarfon]] (''Segontium'').
 
Cha nod ny h-[[Anglo-Sostnee]] goaill BretinBretyn, ga dy ren ad brishey’n kiangley eddyr BretinBretyn as yn [[Hen Ogledd]] erreish da [[Caggey yn Çhaayr]] ayns 615 BNJ. Ren [[Offa]], ree [[Mercia|Vercia]], troggal boalley mooar thallooin rish y chreeagh eddyr y reeriaght echey as BretinBretyn. Ta kuse dy [[Boalley Offa|Voalley Offa]] ry-akin ayns shoh foast.
 
Hannee BretinBretyn ny çheer chreestee erreish da ny clein paganagh Teutonagh (ny Sostnee) goaill Sostyn. Hie [[Noo Davy]] er pirgrin dys Raue ‘sy 6oo eash, as dobbree eh myr Aspick ayns BretinBretyn foddey roish da [[Noo Augusteen jeh Canterbury]] cur bun er aspickys [[Canterbury|Chaergaint]] (Canterbury). Ny yei shen, cha daink lesh yn eab Creestiaght y skeaylley, foddee er coontey noidys eddyr y ghaa chynney. Reeaghyn Vretin gollrish [[Rhodri Mawr]] as [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], v’ad lajer ny kioot dy liooar dy ‘reayll y seyrsnys oc.
 
[[Coadan:LlywelynFawr.jpg|150px|thumb|Llywelyn Fawr]]
Ec jerrey ny 1060yn, haink ny [[Normanee]] dys BretinBretyn, as ren shen caghlaa politickaght y heer. Hrod çhiarnyn Normanagh [[Y Mers]] (Baarle: The Marches) eddyr BretinBretyn as Sostyn. Dobbyr da BretinBretyn goll fo haart, agh haink lesh [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]] as [[Owain Gwynedd]] shen y lhiettal, ga dy ren Normanee soie ayns arnyn j’ee. Haink lesh [[Llywelyn Fawr]] unnaneysey BretinBretyn, obbyr va currit er bun liorish e ayr hene [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], as haink eh dy ve y chied [[Prinse Vretin]].
 
Agh daarlee reeaghyn Hostyn dy hoie er BretinBretyn car yn eash. Ayns 1282, hooar [[Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf]] baase ayns skirmish faggys da [[Cilmeri]], as eshyn prinse neuchrogheydagh s'jerree Vretin. Ghreim ersooyl [[Edward I Hostyn]] y reeriaght v'echey. Hrog Edward cashtallyn mooarey son dy 'reayll BretinBretyn fo'n cummaght echey - she [[Cashtal Rhuddlan|Rhuddlan]], [[Cashtal Conwy|Conwy]], [[Cashtal Caernarfon|Caernarfon]], [[Cashtal Biwmares|Biwmares]], as [[Cashtal Harlech|Harlech]] ny fir share er enney.
 
Dirree magh ny Bretnee reesht as reesht noi reiltys ny Sostnee, eddyr jerrey y [[13oo eash]] as jerrey y [[15oo eash]]; myr sampleyr, fo [[Madog ap Llywelyn]] (1294-96) as [[Llywelyn Bren]] (1316). V'ad jerkal [[Owain Lawgoch]] dy heet erash as heyrey ad ayns ny 1370yn. Dirree [[Owain Glyndŵr]] ayns 1400, as hie eh er enmys myr Prinse Vretin, agh lheie ersooyl yn irree magh beggan er veggan lesh reeaghyn Hostyn aahickyraghey yn pooar oc 'sy çheer.
 
Car rheynn vooar jeh cooid elley y [[15oo eash]], va laue ec BretinBretyn ayns [[Caggaghyn ny Roseyn]], as ny [[Lancasteree (Tiuderagh)|Lancasteree]] as ny [[Yorkee (Tiuderagh)|Yorkee]] ratçhal er son kioneys ayns Sostyn. Agh dyn y wooise da'n neuhassooaght, vlaagh cultoor Vretin fel y keead roish shoh, as y Tradishoon Bardagh er lheh, lesh [[Bardyn ny Fir Oasle]] fo gedjaghys ny h-ooashlaght. Fir jeusyn, shen [[Inry Tiuder]], neear [[Siaspar Tiuder]] (''Jasper Tiuder'' 'sy Vaarle), as eshyn jeh sliught [[Ednyfed Fychan]], [[shennskyl]] (''distain'') [[Llywelyn Fawr]]. Ayns [[1485]], haink es 'sy thalloo ayns [[Sir Benfro]] marish possan caggee dy [[Frangee]]. Haglym shiartanse dy Vretnee marish, as ghow ad barriaght er [[Rickad III Hostyn]] ec 22 Luanistyn 1485 ayns [[Caggey Vosworth|Magher Vosworth]].
 
Haree stayd VretinVretyn rish tammylt. Ny leighyn va ny Sostnee er chur urree ec toshiaght yn eash, hie ad er tayrn er ash. Hug lesh mac Inry, [[Inry VIII Hostyn|Inry VIII]] stiagh [[Ny Leighyn Unnaneysey 1536 as 1543|ny Leighyn Unnaneysey]]. Hug adsyn BretinBretyn fo'n chorys leighagh cheddin as v'ayns Sostyn, agh ec y traa cheddin, harmestee eh Bretnish magh ass bea reiltagh ny çheerey: cha nod ad jannoo obbyr reiltagh erbee agh 'sy Vaarle.
 
Rish keead ny ghaa, haink y çheer [[Yn Agglish Raueagh|chatoleagh]] y ve ny çheer [[Yn Agglish Phrotestoonagh|phrotestoonagh]]. D'aavioghee craueeaght 'sy çheer, goaill stiagh [[yn Eash Aaruggyr]] as y [[Bible]]|Vible Vretnish]], agh vaarlee ny fir oasle beggan er veggan, as daase skort eddyr stiureyderyn heshaght as ny theay. Un eiyrt jeh'n anchaslys shen, shen y ghleashaght chrauee [[Anchochredjue|anchochreduagh]] ren skeaylley dy tappee 'sy [[17oo eash]] as [[18oo eash]]. Ghow BretinBretyn toshiaght çheet y ve ny çheer çhynskylagh, as rish jerrey'n 18oo eash va baljyn çhynskylagh, quarralyn as meainyn geayll nyn gowraghyn baghtal er fud ny çheerey. Skeayll [[lettyraght]] as ghow toshiaght [[cloudeyrys]] ayns BretinBretyn. Vooadee yn aggyrt er son [[jee-vunnaghey]] yn Agglish ayns BretinBretyn as er son [[hene-reiltys]], as rish jerrey'n [[19oo eash]] va'n ghleashaght [[Cymru Fydd]] ec yn eer-vullagh eck.
 
Bee cronney mestit ec y çheer car y [[20oo eash]], agh dyn y wooise da'n [[yn Chied Caggey Dowanagh|Chied Caggey Dowanagh]], [[Goll Ergooyl Mooar]] ny [[1930yn]], [[yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as foudaghey çhengagh ny [[1970yn]] as [[1980yn]], ta [[Co-chruinnaghtÇhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|Co-chruinnaghtÇhionnal Ashoonagh]] ec BretinBretyn jiu, as t'eh jeeaghyn dy vel cronney Vretnish ny smoo gialdynagh na v'ad jerkal keead er-dy-henney.
 
== Imraaghyn ==