Nama (çhengey): Difference between revisions
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Linney 5:
|çheeraghyn=[[Yn Nameeb]], [[Yn Votswaan]], [[Yn Affrick Yiass]]
|ard=[[Yn Awin Orange]], [[Yn Mooarheer Nama]]
|loayreyderyn=250,000<br /></small>Yn Nameeb: mygeayrt 176,000 (1998)<br />as 16,000 [[Haiǁom (çhengey)|Haiǁom]] (1995)<br />Yn Votswaan: 1,500 (2002)<br />Yn Affrick Yiass: 56,000 (1989)</small>
|fam1=Kwadi-Khoe
|fam2=[[Çhengaghyn Khoe|Khoe]]
Linney 18:
|lc3=naq|ld3=Nama (çhengey){{!}}Nama
|lc4=xii|ld4=Xiri
|caslys-çheer=[[
}}
Ta '''Nama''', enmyssit Khoekhoe ny Khoekhoegowab myrgeddin, (shenn-ennym '''Hottentot''') ny [[Çhengaghyn Khoisan|çhengey Khoisan]] smoo scanshoil as pobbylagh. T'ee ny oltey jeh'n [[Kynney çhengey|chynney çhengey]] [[Çhengaghyn Khoe|Khoe]], as t'ee loayrit ayns [[Yn Nameeb|y Nameeb]], [[Yn Votswaan|y Votswaan]] as [[yn Affrick Yiass]] lesh ny [[Namaqua]], [[Damara (kynney)|Damara]] as ny [[Haiǁom]]. T'eh ''Khoekhoen'' ennym loayreyder ny çhengey, ass eh goit magh ass aachoipal as y meer yerree ''-n'' dy yannoo taishbynys dy vel eh n'ockle ylrey. Rere [[Ethnologue]] va ny smoo na 250,000 loayreyderyn ayns ny 1990yn.
Linney 24:
Ta Nama ny çhengey ashoonagh ayns y Nameeb. Ta claareyn radio soilshit magh ayns y Nameeb as yn Affrick Yiass ass Nama.
== Rheynn çheeroaylleeagh ==
Ta 250,000 loayreyderyn ayns y Nameeb, yn Affrick Yiass as y Votswaan.
=== Abbyrtyn ===
* [[Damara (kynney)|Damara]]
* [[Damara Sesfontein]]
* [[Namidama]]
* [[Damara Veanagh]]
* Nama (kiart)
* [[Nama Gimsbok]]
* [[Haiǁom çhengey|Haiǁom]]
== Sheeanchoryssaghtys ==
=== Breeocklyn ===
Ta 5 foaynooee breeocklagh ta ry-gheddyn myr focklagh /i e a o u/ as [[Breeockle stronnagh|stronnagh]] /ĩ ã ũ/. Foddee orroo ve giare ny foddey, as ta shiartanse oardee ny daaghooaghtyn: focklagh [əi ae əu ao ui oa oe] as stronnagh [ə͠ı ə͠u u͠ı o͠a]. (ta [ə] sheeaney myr /a/.)
=== Toanyn ===
Ta tree toanyn 'sy çhengey, /á, ā, à/ as foddee orroo dy ve er breeocklyn as er stadyn stronnagh. Cha nel y toan meanagh screeuit.
=== Corocklyn ===
Ta 31 chorockle: 20 smaghyn as giare-phossan neu-smaghyn.
==== Neu-smaghyn ====
{| class=wikitable
! || [[Corockle meillagh|Meillagh]] || [[Corockle cooyl-eeacklagh|Cooyl-eeacklagh]] || [[Corockle coghooysagh|Coghooysagh]] || [[Corockle sluggidagh|Sluggidagh]]
Linney 60:
Eddyr breeocklyn, ta {{IPA|/p/}} focklit magh myr {{IPA|[β]}} as ta {{IPA|/t/}} focklit magh myr {{IPA|[ɾ]}}.
==== Smaghyn ====
Ta ny smaghyn nyn gorocklyn t'oltit daa cheayrt. Ta kiare focklaghyn toshee ny "lhieenaghyn" as queig fo-ocklaghyn ny "deayrtaghyn" lesh dagh smagh. Ta 20 sheeanyn lesh cochiangle ny lhieenaghyn as ny deayrtaghyn.
Linney 68:
{| class=wikitable
! rowspan=2| co-immeeaght !! colspan=2 | smaghyn affricaidagh !! colspan=2 | smaghyn 'geyre' !! rowspan=2 | cairscreeu <br />cadjinit<br />(lesh {{Unicode|"ǃ"}})
|-class=small
! [[smagh feeacklagh|smaghyn<br />feeacklagh]] !! [[smagh lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh|smaghyn<br />lhiattagh]] !! [[smagh lurg-chooyl-eeacklagh|smaghyn<br />cooyleeacklagh]] !! [[smagh cleaoil|smaghyn<br />cleaoil]]
|-
! [[Corockle tenuis|Tenuis]]
Linney 81:
| {{IPA|ŋǀ}} || {{IPA|ŋǁ}} || {{IPA|ŋǃ}} || {{IPA|ŋǂ}} || {{Unicode|<ǃn>}}
|-
! Stronnagh neughooagh lesh<br />boggaghys moal-obbragh
| {{IPA|ŋ̊ǀʰ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊ǁʰ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊ǃʰ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊ǂʰ}} || {{Unicode|<ǃh>}}
|-
Linney 88:
|}
== Lhaih neesht ==
<div class="references-small">
* Beach, Douglas M. 1938. The phonetics of the Hottentot language. Cambridge: Heffer.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1976. A Nama grammar: the noun-phrase. MA thesis. University of Cape Town.
* Haacke, Wilfrid H. G. 1977. The so-called "personal pronoun" in Nama. In Traill, Anthony, ed., Khoisan linguistic studies 3, 43-62. Communications 6. Johannesburg: African Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1978. Subject deposition in Nama. MA thesis. University of Essex. Colchester (UK).
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. Compound noun phrases in Nama. In Derek F. Gowlett, ed., African linguistic contributions (Festschrift Ernst Westphal), 189-194. Pretoria: Via Afrika.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. Dislocated noun phrases in Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara): further evidence for the sentential hypothesis. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere, 29, 149-162.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1995. Instances of incorporation and compounding in Khoekhoegowab (Nama/Damara). In Anthony Traill, Rainer Vossen and Marguerite Anne Megan Biesele, eds., The complete linguist: papers in memory of Patrick J. Dickens, 339-361. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
* Haacke, Wilfrid, Eliphas Eiseb and Levi Namaseb. 1997. Internal and external relations of Khoekhoe dialects: a preliminary survey. In Wilfrid Haacke & Edward D. Elderkin, eds., Namibian languages: reports and papers, 125-209. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag for the University of Namibia.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1999. The tonology of Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara). Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung/Research in Khoisan studies, Bd 16. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
* Haacke, Wilfrid H.G. & Eiseb, Eliphas (2002) ''A Khoekhoegowab dictionary with an English-Khoekhoegowab index''. Windhoek : Gamsberg Macmillan. ISBN 99916-0-401-4
* Hagman, Roy S. 1977. Nama Hottentot grammar. Language science monographs, v 15. Bloomington: Indiana University.
* Hahn, Theophilus. 1870. Die Sprache der Nama, nebst einem Anhang enthaltend Sprachproben aus dem Munde des Volkes. Redigierte Ausgabe eine Dissertation mit einem Anhang über Mythen der Khoi-khoin nebst Übersetzung und Wörterverzeichnis. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.
</div>
== Kianglaghyn çheumooie ==
* [http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ling700/nama.htm Grammadeys Nama as skeeal ec Cornell]
* [http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/naq Oayllys fo'n çhengey Nama ass Rosetta Project]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=naq Coontys fo'n çhengey Nama ec Ethnologue]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hgm Coontys fo'n çhengey {{Unicode|Haiǁʼom}} ec Ethnologue]
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